When it comes to applying for a job, many people in Oswestry still feel unsure about how to write covering letters vs speculative letters. The two types of letter serve different purposes — and knowing when (and how) to use each one could really improve your chances of landing that next role.

What is a Covering Letter?

This is the one you’re probably most familiar with. A covering letter (or cover letter) is sent alongside a CV when applying for an advertised vacancy. Its job is to introduce you, highlight why you’re a good fit for the role, and encourage the employer to take a closer look at your CV.

Think of the covering letter as your opportunity to speak directly to the employer. It’s your chance to explain why you’re interested in the job, what you can bring to the team, and how your skills and experience match what they’re looking for.

A few key things to remember:

• Keep it short — usually no longer than one side of A4.

• Tailor it to each role — no generic “Dear Sir/Madam, I would like to apply…” letters!

• Use it to expand on your CV, not repeat it — pick out relevant skills or experience that show why you’re right for this job.

What is a Speculative Letter?

A speculative letter is slightly different. Instead of responding to an advertised vacancy, you’re approaching a company on your own — essentially saying, “Here I am, and here’s what I can offer — do you have any opportunities that might suit me?”

Speculative letters can be very effective, especially in smaller towns like Oswestry where not all jobs are advertised publicly. Some local businesses may not even realise they need someone with your skills until your letter lands on their desk.

With a speculative letter:

• Do your research — find out who to write to and personalise the letter.

• Focus on what you can offer — how your experience could help their business.

• Don’t expect an immediate job offer — it’s about starting a conversation and getting on their radar.

When Should You Use Each One?

If there’s a job advertised — use a covering letter.
If there isn’t a job advertised but you’d like to work for a particular employer — send a speculative letter.

It really is that simple. But both types of letter should always feel personal, professional, and purposeful. Avoid copying generic templates off the internet — local employers here in Oswestry appreciate letters that show genuine interest and effort.

What Makes a Good Letter (of Either Type)?

• Keep it concise — busy employers don’t want to read pages of text.

• Show personality — but stay professional.

• Check spelling and grammar — mistakes make a poor first impression.

• Always follow up — if you don’t hear back after a couple of weeks, a polite email or phone call shows initiative.

TL;DR:

Covering letter = sent with your CV for a job you know is available.
Speculative letter = sent with your CV to a company you’d like to work for, even if they’re not advertising.

Both can open doors if written well — and many Oswestry employers still value a well-crafted letter just as much as a strong CV.

Mastering covering letters vs speculative letters will give your job applications an extra edge — especially in smaller local markets like Oswestry.

If you’d like even more advice on writing great covering or speculative letters, the National Careers Service has an excellent guide with examples to help improve your applications.